• To understand the federal Drug Abuse Treatment Act (DATA) of 2000 and the subsequent revisions that lists the criteria needed for Office Based Opioid Treatment (OBOT) utilizing buprenorphine for opioid dependence and the new changes/guidelines
• To distinguish between spontaneous withdrawal and precipitated withdrawal and the appropriate methods of buprenorphine induction
• To describe and contrast the functions of full mu agonists, partial agonists and antagonists
• To describe the basic approach used in at least three different types of non-pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence
• To describe three symptoms of opioid withdrawal or intoxication that mimic symptoms of a psychiatric disorder
• To list the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of opioid dependence
• To list at least three situations in which patient information, with patient identity, can be shared under current laws protecting the patient’s confidentiality
• To understand and minimize buprenorphine misuse and diversion. To be aware of the issues of drug interactions of buprenorphine and pediatric exposures

This course has been reviewed and is acceptable for 4 credits of AOA Category 1A by the AOA CCME. It has also been reviewed and is acceptable for 4 Prescribed credit(s) by the American Academy of Family Physicians.

Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. AAFP Prescribed credit is accepted by the American Medical Association as equivalent to AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. When applying for the AMA PRA, Prescribed credit earned must be reported as Prescribed credit, not as Category 1.

Dr. Lepley received his medical degree from Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine and completed his Family Medicine residency training at Heart of Lancaster Regional Medical Center. He is board-certified by the American Osteopathic Board of Family Physicians, with a Subspecialty Board Certification in Addiction Medicine. Dr. Lepley currently serves as the President of the American Osteopathic Academy of Addiction Medicine.

Dr. Lepley spent many formative years of practice providing healthcare within the Philadelphia Department of Prisons, wherein he pioneered a program that offers buprenorphine maintenance treatment to detainees suffering from opioid use disorder. His work in Philadelphia was recognized by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia Section of Public Health and has been presented nationally, garnering interest from large correctional systems nationwide. His current professional role is with Penn Medicine as Medical Director of Addiction Medicine for the Lancaster General Health system. He endorses that addiction is a chronic disease, and treatment can occur in primary care in alignment with managing other long-term illnesses.